Briefing

　　Changchun is a city famous for its culture. As a cradle of China’s auto industry, optoelectronic technology, biological technology and applied chemistry, Changchun is home to a list of well-known research institutes and higher learning institutions including Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun Branch; Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Changchun Institute of Geography; Changchun Institute of Biological Products, the Ministry of Health; Jilin University; and Northeast Normal University, etc.    
　　By the end of 2010, the number of academicians of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and Chinese Academy of Engineering out of technicians of all kinds at all levels had reached 27. Changchun has 98 independent institutions for scientific research and technical development, of which 61 are in the field of natural science and technology, 16 are in the field of social science and humanistic science, and six are in the field of scientific information and literature. In 2010, the contractual amount of technical agreements of private science and technology enterprises reached RMB1.72 billion, making the accumulated contractual amount of agreements in this regard up to RMB17.78 billion. A total of RMB61.63 million was utilized as scientific research funds by the city’s science and technology authorities. There were 144 enterprises that were certified as hi-tech enterprises. Of 40 others that were certified as hi-tech enterprises, each one was able to bring about over RMB100 million output value.      
　　 
　　There are six product quality supervision and inspection institutions, and six institutions of metrological technology in Changchun City, which inspected the quality of products of different kinds for 1,405 times, and completed inspection of product quality entrusted by individuals or institutions for 12,905 times in 2010. The samples for quality inspection at national level, 96.71% of them measured up standard; and those for quality inspection at provincial level, 91.43% were proved satisfactory.       
　　There are 2,656 schools of different kinds at different levels (including the ones for pre-school education) in Changchun City, including 36 ordinary higher learning institutions (including colleges), eight adult schools for higher education, 108 secondary vocational schools, 65 ordinary high schools, 272 ordinary middle schools, five vocational middle schools, 1,474 primary schools, nine special education schools, 678 kindergartens and a reformatory school.  
　　 
　　The number of students enrolled to schools of different kinds at different levels amounted to 440,000 in 2010, including 102,000 to ordinary higher learning institutions, 37,000 to adult schools for higher educations, 39,000 to secondary vocational schools, 50,000 to ordinary high schools, 76,000 to ordinary middle schools, 73,000 to primary schools and 63,000 to kindergartens.  
　　 
　　The number of students learning at schools of different kinds at different levels (including kindergartens) reached 1.471 million, including 365,000 at ordinary higher learning institutions, 88,000 at adult schools, 102,000 at secondary vocational schools, 142,000 at ordinary high schools, 247,000 at ordinary middle schools, 1,400 at vocational middle schools, 422,000 at primary schools, 1,600 at special education schools, 102,000 at kindergartens and two at reformatory school.  
　　 
　　By the end of 2010, the number of full-time teachers working at schools of different kinds at different levels (including the ones working at kindergartens) had reached 94,855, including 22,981 at ordinary higher learning institutions, 1,166 at adult schools, 6,031 at secondary vocational schools, 7,329 at ordinary high schools, 17,583 at middle schools, 33,694 at primary schools, 303 at special education schools, 32 at reformatory schools and 5,736 at kindergartens. The enrollment rate of schools for children at age of primary education was 99.99%.